In this course two mathematical models are analyzed: one is the so-called Lotka-Volterra model, which is also known as prey-predator model, and the other is the model of epidemics. We will analyze and solve these models using free and open-source software called Scilab (quite similar to Matlab). In particular, we will use a tool that is contained in Scilab called Xcos, which will help us construct the mathematical models.

The models presented in the course are very important in applied mathematics because they can explain a variety of phenomena. The Lotka-Volterra model derives its name from the mathematicians who first employed it to explain some real-life phenomena: Lotka used this model to explain the interaction between two molecules, so he was interested in chemical reactions, whereas Volterra was an Italian mathematician who used this model to explain why the number of sharks in the Adriatic Sea had increased substantially during the first world war with respect to the pre-war and the post-war periods.

The discovery about the greater percentage of sharks was made by Volterra's son-in-law, whose name was Umberto D’Ancona. D'Ancona was an Italian biologist who made this observation from the data he collected, and asked Volterra to analyze this problem mathematically, knowing that Volterra was a respected mathematician. Volterra took the challenge and decided to create a mathematical model, which is now known as the Lotka-Volterra model, or prey-predator model. This model focuses on the interaction between two populations: a population of prey versus a population of predators. In this case, the population of predators is represented by sharks, whereas the population of prey is represented by prey-fish.

Volterra understood that the reason why the number of sharks increased dramatically during the first world war was due to the less intense activity of fishing, which had interfered with the interaction between sharks and prey-fish.

We are going to see this more thoroughly in the course; besides, the prey-predator model can be used to explain other interesting phenomena that I will mention at the end of the first part of the course. After that, we are going to study epidemics and we will use the same concepts previously introduced with Scilab.

The mathematics that we need in the course are not difficult; you just need to know what derivatives and functions are, but we are not going into the mathematical details of how to solve a model. In fact, I want to focus more on the practical applications.